2008). The reaction mixture consisted of 2.9 mL of 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), 0.1 mL of enzyme source and 0.1 mL of substrate (0.05 M catechol). A strategy that has received negligible attention is the induction of ‘natural plant defenses’ by phytohormones. Identification of neryl formate as an airborne aggregation pheromone for the American house dust mite, Gas chromatographic characterization of organic substances in the retention index system, A colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents, Chun OK, Kim DO, Moon HY, Kang HG, Lee CY (2003), Contribution of individual polyphenolics to total antioxidant capacity of plums, Lowry H, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ (1951), Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent, Effect of pre-and post-harvest application of salicylic acid or methyl jasmonate on inducing disease resistance of sweet cherry fruit in storage, Evolution of oviposition behavior and host preference in Lepidoptera, Host-plant selection by phytophagous insects, Pickett JA, Wadhams LJ, Woodcock CM (1998), Insect supersense: mate and host location as model systems for exploiting olfactory mechanisms, Perception of plant volatile blends by herbivorous insects-finding the right mix. The chromatogram showing differential expression of 3-carene and cis-ocimene. The experiments were conducted at ambient room temperature (27 ± 1°C). ABSTRACTThe oriental fruit ßy,Bactrocera dorsalisHendel, is one of the most destructive pest insects of tropical and subtropical fruits and vegetables. <> * Nakahara S, Katayama M, Thein MM, Yee KN, Naing SS, Soe W, Htiek T, Tsuruta K (2019) Notes on the genus Bactrocera fruit fly species in mango orchards in Myanmar. Further, there was significant difference in the number of pupae formed from SA treated and control fruit (t = 6.46, df = 7, P = 0.0003) (Fig 3b). The detector temperature was kept at 270°C and the temperature program was as follows: 50°C for 5min at an increment of 4°C-min to 170°C, hold for 2 min, then 5°C-min to 250°C and maintaining constant temperature for 7 min, total run time was 60 min. 2 In northern Mozambique up to 96% In several studies 100 - 175 flies emerges per kg fruit collected from trees. 3 0 obj A potential biological control agent against this pest is the weaver ant Oecophylla longinoda Latreille (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). A single gravid female B. dorsalis was introduced into the central chamber through a hole in the top of the olfactometer. This result indicates that the SA treated fruit volatiles were less attractive to gravid flies. We also observed differential expression of anti-oxidative enzymes namely catalase (CAT), polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD). The activity of POD in the 2 mM SA-treated fruit was relatively higher than that in control fruit (t = 5.76, df = 4, P = 0.04) (Fig 8b). Use of gibberellic acid to reduce grapefruit susceptibility to attack by the Caribbean fruit fly, Enhancement of citrus resistance to the Mediterranean fruit fly, McDonald RE, Greany PD, Shaw PE, Schroeder WJ, Hatton TT, Wilson CW (1988) Use of gibberllic acid for Caribbean fruit fly (, Greany PD, McDonald RE, Schroeder W J, Shaw PE (1991), Improvements in efficacy of gibberellic acid treatments in reducing susceptibility of grapefruit to attack by Caribbean fruit fly. Apart from volatile defenses, SA is also known to induce the production of anti-oxidative enzymes that play a major role in plant defense. The authors duly acknowledge the constructive comments of the anonymous reviewers and editor which immeasurably improved the manuscript. A secondary objective was to estimate final seed surface temperatures required for efficacy for B. dorsalis in mango. The damage from this pest is caused by the larvae that bore inside the fruits. The management of fruit flies from an Indian perspective (mainly for B. dorsalis) can be classified into two categories, namely pre- and post-harvest management prac-tices. Briefly, fresh (unexposed to fruit) gravid females (30 flies/ cage) were released into five oviposition cages and allowed to acclimatize for 30 min. This article describes the development of a protocol for post-harvest disinfestation of Bactrocera dorsalis on mango using hot-water treatments. The increase in absorbance at 460 nm was spectrophotometrically assayed after adding 1 mL of H2O2 (24 mM). Fruit were placed individually inside cylindrical glass vessels (180 mm H, 100 mm dia), open at the bottom and closed with a collection port at the top and an inlet port on the side. Citation in PubAg 449; Full Text 83; Journal. KEY WORDS: Bionomics, Bactrocera dorsalis, Mango. Among the elicitors listed above, SA is well studied in non-woody plants for its role in regulating plant defense and in triggering ‘systemic acquired resistance’ (SAR) [14–19]. [†¬€÷ÿu~”ðZÇr¨d9dE&ô. The SA treated and untreated mango fruit (n = 3; 1g in 20 mL) were extracted with methanol (80%). Role of salicylic acid in tomato defense against cotton bollworm, The effect of plant defense elicitors on common bean (, Cornelius ML, Nergel L, Duan JJ, Messing RI, Cornelius ML (2000), Responses of female Oriental fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) to protein and host fruit odors in field cage and open field tests, Efficacy of various insecticides and trap heights in methyl eugenol baited traps against fruit flies (, Studies on seasonal activity and control of fruit flies (, Verghese A, Kamala Jayanthi PD (2001) Integrated pest management in fruits In: Reddy PP, Verghese A, Krishna Kumar NK (eds), Pest management in horticultural ecosystems, Verghese A, Tandon PL, Stonehouse JM (2004). (2004), Role of salicylic acid in tomato defense against cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera Hubner. Salicylic acid (SA) is an important phytohormone that mediates the phenylpropanoid pathway and is known to promote the release of many intermediary secondary metabolites and anti-nutritive compounds in plants [14, 20]. •Outbreak of Bactrocera dorsalis (invadens) •Impact of BI of trade •Initiatives to Pest Free areas •Lessons learnt •Conclusion and Way forward. Globally, Bactrocera species remains at the top of quarantine lists ( Clarke et al. GC-MS analysis of the headspace volatiles from SA treated and untreated fruit showed noticeable changes in their chemical compositions. Nevertheless, utilization of direct and indirect host-plant defense mechanisms and exploiting these plant signals for sustainable IPM is an area that yet to be explored in several perennial fruit crops. The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is a very destructive pest of fruit in areas where it occurs. (eds. already built in. The test samples (10 μl) were applied to a filter paper and the solvent was allowed to evaporate prior to placement in the treatment arms. Volatiles were collected from fruit for 24 h and the Porapak Q columns were eluted with 750 μl of redistilled diethyl ether. The numbers of punctures 70 eV, with Full mass scan-range of 45–450 amu analysis of the Oriental fly! His valuable statistical support and guidance 73 ] on VF-5 capillary column, Varian... Show that volatiles collected from trees flavonoid content was recorded in treated fruit compared to control immeasurably improved the.... Support and guidance bactrocera dorsalis in mango day ) and sealed with PTFE tubing with brass ferrules and fittings ( Swagelok,.! Activated charcoal filter, was pumped into the central chamber through a hole in the control nm. 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